تعرف على الفقرة الإنجليزية ( البراجراف )

الرحيم
الأخوة الأعزاء فى المنتدى الكريم
كثيرا ما أرى موضوعات كثيرة للإخوة الزملاء عن كيفية كتابة الفقرة The Paragraph باللغة الإنجليزية و هذا الموضوع يعالج هذا النقص و يطوره إلى حد الإحتراف .

ما هو البراجراف ؟
What is a Paragraph ?

A paragraph consists of several sentences that are grouped together. This group of sentences together discuss one main subject. In formal academic English, paragraphs have three principal parts. These three parts are the topic sentence, body sentences, and the concluding sentence

.
يتكون البراجراف من من عدد من الجمل يتراوح عادة من 8 إلى 12 جملة و لكن يمكن أن ينقص أو يزيد . يناقش البراجراف فكرة واحدة فقط . و فى اللغة اإنجليزية الرسمية يتكون البراجراف من ثلاثة أجزاء رئيسية و هى :
1- جملة الموضوع - المقدمة .
2- الوسط - و التى تشرح الفكرة الرئيسية .
3- الجملة الختامية .


ملحوظة هامة : فى أول البراجراف يجب أن تكون هناك مسافة خالية تسمىIndentation لتشير إلى بداية براجراف جديد .


1- جملة المقدمة . The Topic Sentence

A topic sentence usually comes at the beginning of a paragraph; that is, it is usually the first sentence in a formal academic paragraph. Not only is a topic sentence the first sentence of a paragraph, but, more importantly, it is the most general sentence in a paragraph. What does "most general" mean? It means that there are not many details in the sentence, but that the sentence introduces an overall idea that you want to discuss later in the paragraph

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عادة ما تأتى جملة المقدمة فى أول البراجراف ، أى أنها أول جملة فيه . و هى أهم جمل البراجراف إذ أنها تبلور الفكرة الأساسية للموضوع و تطرحها دون مناقشة . و لكن يتم تطويرها و مناقشتها فيم بعد .

For example

the coloured sentence in the following paragraph is the " The Topic Sentence
. "
الجملة الملونة فى البراجراف التالى تشير إلى الجملة الرئيسية

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

2- المنتصف - جسم الموضوع The Body

They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph
.
بعد جملة المقدمة تأتى جمل المناقشة مباشرة لتكون جسم الموضوع

They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph
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وتعمل هذه الجمل على شرح الجملة الريئسية فى البراجراف
.
Whenever possible, you should include enough details in your paragraphs to help your reader understand exactly what you are writing about
.
و يجب أن تدعم الجملة الريئسية بالتفاصيل التى تساعد القارئ لفهم ما تصبو إليه مباشرة .

There are many ways to develop your paragraph
:

هناك عدة طرق لدعم أو مناقشة الفكرة الريئسية فى البرنامج :

1- Through details
1- عن طريق التفاصيل .

2- Through Examples
2- من خلال الأمثلة .

3- Through Incidents
3- من خلال رواية أو - حكى اقصوصة أو قص

ة

For example :

the coloured sentences in the following paragraph is the " The Supporting Details
"."
الجمل الملونة فى المثال التالى تشير إلى جسم - منتصف البراجراف بحيث تم مناقشة الفكرة الرئيسية من خلال الأمثلة .

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

3- الجملة الختامية The Concluding - Clincher Sentence

In formal paragraphs you will sometimes see a sentence at the end of the paragraph which summarizes the information that has been presented. This is the concluding sentence. You can think of a concluding sentence as a sort of topic sentence in reverse
.
فى بعض الأحيان تجد الجملة الختامية و هى ملخص كامل للمعلومات المذكورة فى البراجراف مذكورة و لكن فى صورة أخرى . أى أنها تمثل تلخيصا للبراجراف . أو بمعنى آخر ، هى طريقة أخرى للتعبير عن جملة الموضوع أو المقدمة .

for example :

the coloured sentences in the following paragraph is the " The Concluding - Clincher Sentence
. "
الجمل الملونة فى المثال التالى تشير إلى الجملة الختامية .

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live
.

كان هذا عرض مجمل و سريع لأجزاء البراجراف و فى الدروس القادمة إن شاء الله سنتعرف على كتابة كل جزء منها لإخراج براجراف مميز .


This was a rapid outline of the parts of a paragraph . In the coming lessons , Inshallah we will know how to develop each part to present a unique paragraph .